Don't "turn off" your mind when it's your opponent's turn to move. Use this time to think ahead to your next possible move. And when he does move, always ask yourself, "Why did he make this particular move?" before you do anything else.
Try to control an open file with your rooks, especially when there is only one open file.
Don't give up in the middle of the game if you don't think you're doing well – or even if you're in big trouble. There's always the chance that you'll have a flash of brilliance or that your opponent might slip up. Chess is a kaleidoscope – it's ever changing – and opportunities suddenly appear.
Don't be discouraged if you are black and think that you're automatically going to lose. With black you have the advantage of not having to show your hand first, and you can play a defense of your own choosing – preferably one you're familiar with.
When you have free time, study the game of chess. A good book to look at is Larry Evans's Beginner to Expert (Lee Publications, about five dollars). In it, Evans shows you the basic moves. He explains the various forces that decide chess games, and shows how to win in the end games. He provides a lot of one-and two-move checkmate puzzles to sharpen your finishing-off techniques. One particularly interesting part of the book is when he replays one of his games and explains what was going on in his head at each move. He also provides an interesting glossary of chess terms.
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